life 2021 sap nat nature10 marca 2023
On the final day of the Team Girls Cup, I went for a morning trip to Surfers Paradise for a swim and quality time with the family. You can alreadyfind all information and documentation needed at theFunding & Tenders Portal, includingthe call text and application forms. ACS Sustain. Chem. and S.K. Andrasfay, T. & Goldman, N. Reductions in 2020 US life expectancy due to COVID-19 and the disproportionate impact on the Black and Latino populations. Google Scholar. The aim of the project is the conservation of Caretta caretta, in the western Mediterranean basin, from threats related to human disturbance in the nesting sites. Hayes, R. L., Armacost, K. A., Vilseck, J. To calculate person-years for 2020, we first interpolated population projections, assuming exponential growth by age, sex and state, for the first day of each month in 2020. Caruso, M. M. et al. Boletim Extraordinrio do Observatrio Covid-19 Fiocruz. Among males, two states, Amazonas and Par, both in the North region, lost all that was gained over 2 decades (Fig. Google Scholar. A. Effect of socioeconomic inequalities and vulnerabilities on health-system preparedness and response to COVID-19 in Brazil: a comprehensive analysis. Inicio / Programas UE / LIFE2027 / LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV (LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV) - NATURE GOVERNANCE. 1c), broadly mirroring the patterns across states (Fig. M.S. The initially heterogeneous reaction mixture becomes a homogeneous solution over time due to the chemical change from a superabsorbent gel-like substance into the soluble, linear polymer products. Chem. ANDS is a $120M federally funded national infrastructure innovation project to exploit Australia's research data advantage. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. Experienced Manager with a demonstrated history of working in the computer software industry. First, we obtained mid-year population projections for 20182020 and abridged life tables estimated for 20002020 by state, age and sex from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica, or IBGE, in Portuguese) (https://www.ibge.gov.br/en/statistics/social/population/18176-population-projection.html). !J8Di,t1@'l:fBHM?bG)z6PRIq\QiA#J%B,yd6:$U drJH!e+Lal#fl&|5v{@V:"`as[#!S/`GoQd&~^lsv)rp. Brazil does not lack a universal healthcare system, a network of community health agents to target vulnerable communities, sufficient data and a capable cadre of researchers tirelessly advancing knowledge and informing policy. 5. In just the first 4 months of 2021, Brazil surpassed the number of COVID-19 deaths during all of 2020. Based on the total number of deaths reported in Brazil in 2019 and 2020, we constructed period life tables and calculated the difference in life expectancy between 2019 and 2020 by state and sex (Methods). Nature and Biodiversity ). The state gap remained roughly the same for both e0 and e65 (Fig. I tried to learn Python before,. What it lacks is leadership commitment to save lives. The evergreen broadleaved shrubs were shorter in height (3.06 0.99 m) than palm-leaved life forms (19.29 5.39 m). Everyone involved in adoptionbirthparents, adoptive parents, adoptees, adoption professionals, and beyonddeserves support when they need it. To access more than one type of pressure-sensitive adhesive, we needed a method to shorten the linear polymers obtained after the decrosslinking step. Usually, the mid-year population is a good approximation of person-years lived during the year. Informao Demogrfica e Socioeconmica. Chem. Use the Previous and Next buttons to navigate the slides or the slide controller buttons at the end to navigate through each slide. ISPRA Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale Here, we assumed that individuals who did not die of COVID-19 in the first 4 months of 2021 would be subject to the 2019 age group-specific and sex-specific mortality rates. The South was the last region to be severely hit by COVID-19 in 2020 (ref. We show that life expectancy in the presence of COVID-19 is equivalent to levels observed in Brazil as far back as 20 or more years in some states. xUmo@G9*R*S[u#>RejBG4aSgcwy2+`p3CJ)i Article One salient example is the superabsorbent material used in diapers and feminine hygiene products, which contain crosslinked sodium polyacrylates. Li, Q. et al. :X"."o:XKw$0/vvDvXK This was the case with the 1918 influenza pandemic in the United States, when e0 in 1919 was higher than in 1917, likely due, in part, to selective mortality of individuals with tuberculosis19. 1)24,25,26. volume27,pages 16291635 (2021)Cite this article. Barberia, L. G. & Gmez, E. J. Lancet 396, 367368 (2020). Anne J. McNeil. 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Soil Environ. The G at each frequency describes an adhesives resistance to shear, and this term generally increases in samples with more chain entanglements (e.g., with increasing Mw). J. Macromol. Super absorbent polymer recycling to pressure sensitive adhesives. Brazil continues to face a challenging situation. Ranzani, O. T. et al. In closed-loop chemical recycling, chemical transformations are used to cleave the polymer into its monomers (depolymerization), or to create a polymer with equivalent function12. Raber, D. J. et al. Internet Explorer). The transformation relies on an (i) acid-catalyzed hydrolysis, (ii) optional chain-shortening via sonication, and (iii) a highly efficient esterification driven by hydrophobicity. The authors declare no other competing interests. endobj Phillips, T. Covid eruption in Brazils largest state leaves health workers begging for help. At each time point, the maximum specific energy (wmax) was calculated using the maximum power drawn from the outlet and the mass of added PAA (Supplementary Information pg S3), and the molar masses were determined using size-exclusion chromatography. All environmental data were gathered from experiments, literature, or the ecoinvent database (version 3.5)51, and implemented in SimaPro v. 9.0.0.4850, as described in detail within the Supporting Information (Supplementary Information pgs S36S41). Height influenced biomass accumulation and hence C gain, where life forms . Peer review information Nature Medicine thanks Pedro Hallal, Usama Bilal and Vladimir Canudas Romo for their contribution to the peer review of this work. Brasil, Grandes Regies e Unidades da Federao 2010. in Estudos e Pesquisas. Together, the United States and Brazil account for 28% of the worlds death toll and 59% of the death toll in the Americas. You are using a browser version with limited support for CSS. Moriguchi, T. & Arita, Y. State acronyms by region: North: AC=Acre, AP=Amap, AM=Amazonas, PA=Par, RO=Rondnia, RR=Roraima and TO=Tocantins; Northeast: AL=Alagoas, BA=Bahia, CE=Cear, MA=Maranho, PB=Paraba, PE=Pernambuco, PI=Piau, RN=Rio Grande do Norte and SE=Sergipe; Center-West: DF=Distrito Federal, GO=Gois, MT=Mato Grosso and MS=Mato Grosso do Sul; Southeast: ES=Esprito Santo, MG=Minas Gerais, RJ=Rio de Janeiro and SP=So Paulo; South: PR=Paran, RS=Rio Grande do Sul and SC=Santa Catarina. Sodium polyacrylate-based superabsorbent materials used in disposable diapers and feminine hygiene products have been challenging to recycle through either open- or closed-loop processes. Vaccine 39, 34043409 (2021). However, in the presence of COVID-19, this assumption might not hold because deaths were unevenly distributed over the year. Jul 13, 2021 Nature Governance ID:LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Type of action: [object Object] Objective: To contribute to the protection of nature and biodiversityby: Supporting nature and biodiversity policy and legislation compliance assurance, and/or Recent technologies for treatment and recycling of used disposable baby diapers. (September 20, 2016). Numbers above. Bjrn, A., Owsianiak, M., Molin, C. & Laurent, A. in Life Cycle Assessment: Theory and Practice; (eds) Hauschild, M. Z., Rosenbaum, R. K., Olsen, S. I. To obtain https://www.statista.com/statistics/282732/global-production-of-plastics-since-1950 (2020). served as a sounding board throughout the project. Next, undecanoic acid was esterified under the same conditions, yielding 100% ester for 2-ethylhexanol/water and 85% for ethanol/water. Spatiotemporal pattern of COVID-19 spread in Brazil. are employees at P&G. 4 0 obj & Cameron, E. E. Suboptimal US response to COVID-19 despite robust capabilities and resources. Most consumer PSA-based products are found in either quadrant 3 or the central region (e.g., office tape, sticky notes, bandages, and removable labels), which is signified by low-to-medium G and G. Therefore, our estimates would not be seriously affected by missing deaths unless a different pattern of errors emerges in 2020. Nat. Health 9, e782e792 (2021). Inqurito Nacional sobre Insegurana Alimentar no Contexto da Pandemia da Covid-19 no Brasil. The authors declare no competing financial interests. To avoid inconsistencies between life tables estimated for 2019 and 2020, we applied the same methodology to 2019. Globally, there have been significant efforts towards recycling the components of diapers28. B 121, 36263635 (2017). In contrast, a common approach used in industry to convert acrylic acid into acrylate esters uses inexpensive alcohols as both the reagent and solvent39,40. & Urey, H. C. The mechanisms of acid catalyzed ester hydrolysis, esterification and oxygen exchange of carboxylic acids. To the extent that correction factors are approximately equal for 2019 and 2020, our estimates are not seriously affected by missing deaths. <> Recent efforts to sidestep this degradation using microwaves and added radical initiators led to oligomeric products with 5060% decarboxylation19. Santos, M. C. et al. Google Scholar. Chem. We demonstrate herein that our open-loop recycling approach to pressure-sensitive adhesives from superabsorbent polymers outcompetes the petroleum-derived syntheses on nearly every metric, including global warming potential and cumulative energy demand. Glacial acrylic acid (GAA), methyl acrylate (MA), ethyl acrylate (EA), n-butyl acrylate (BA) and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (2-EHA). Silveira, M. F. et al. We removed 2,689 (0.20%) and 2,722 (0.18%) records in 2019 and 2020, respectively, that did not have information on sex and/or age. (In contrast to this assumption, the potential dependence between COVID-19 and other causes might lead to modified probabilities of dying from other causes if COVID-19 were eliminated or added as a cause of death.) Chem. Reduction in life expectancy in Brazil after COVID-19. FaterSMART. 58, 13471364 (2020). Locations: Colorado; Nevada, Jersey City, NJ; New York City, NY; Ithaca, NY and Westchester County, NY. Because these data are not available by age and sex, we used de-identified publicly available data on severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) hospitalizations from the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (Sistema de Informao de Vigilncia Epidemiolgica da Gripe, or SIVEP-Gripe, in Portuguese). Super absorbent polymer (SAP) marketGlobal industry analysis, size and forecast. Given a growing emphasis on sustainability within the polymer industry, including calls to increase the circularity of polymer production12, this LCA provides an important metric for evaluating approaches to polymer recycling. As of 23 May 2021, P.1 was the most prevalent strain in the country (92% of the samples analyzed)25. J. Environ. La Commissione europea ha pubblicato i primi bandi del programma LIFE 2021-2027 per l'ambiente, il clima e l'energia. We found that the faster the speed at which COVID-19 spread across municipalities (a lower locational Hoover Index), the larger the changes in e0 (Pearson correlation=0.724, P<0.001). Adv. Arena, U., Ardolino, F. & Gregorio, F. D. Technological, environmental and social aspects of a recycling process of post-consumer absorbent hygiene products. The resulting polymers were isolated in ~97% yield (over the two steps). Natl Acad. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)Office of Land and Emergency Management. In the meantime, to ensure continued support, we are displaying the site without styles To date, most diaper recycling efforts14 have focused on the cellulosic components, which can be biodegraded, incinerated to generate steam, pyrolyzed, or fermented to generate bioethanol15. This approach was inspired by the similar structures of sodium polyacrylate (superabsorbent polymer) and the polyacrylates (pressure-sensitive adhesives) used in tapes, bandages, and sticky notes, among others23. projects in line with the objectives of the LIFE Nature and Biodiversity sub-programme but defined in the Call topic LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE are excluded. y?UT=*b!k jV/d=ucKW|8pJ{XCz"Xb3lhUY?|4~'"nj(\9c XP9@p*;+dw. Effect of economic recession and impact of health and social protection expenditures on adult mortality: a longitudinal analysis of 5565 Brazilian municipalities. Responsible for the full life-cycle of the first infotainment system in the market, AutoPC built with Microsoft. However, for a given year, we can identify states with the largest reductions. Andrady, A. L. 34, 189200 (1991). Programme for Environment and Climate Action (LIFE) ID: LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE: Types of action: LIFE Project Grants: Deadline model: single-stage: Opening date: 13 July 2021: Deadline date: 30 November 2021 17:00:00 Brussels time . That is, the PSAs are soft enough to flow and wet a substrate at the bonding frequency, while hard enough to hold onto a substrate, and peel cleanly at the debonding frequency. https://www.ssc.wisc.edu/cdha/latinmortality/wp-content/uploads/book_Ch2.pdf (2015). 10, 48754880 (2019). Nature 594, 259264 (2021). LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE Nature and Biodiversity LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV Nature Governance Each project application under the call must address only one of these topics. When we started back in 1995, we were the first company in the world to provide a new kind of electricity- the green kind. Part B 52, 873896 (2013). The highest absolute and relative decline among states was estimated for Amazonas (3.46 years), followed by Amap (3.18 years) and Par (2.71 years), all in the North region. Castro, M.C., Gurzenda, S., Turra, C.M. We applied standard life table relationships to complete these counterfactual life tables44. Philos. Surprisingly, even when excess H2O was intentionally added (3 equiv), high conversions were still observed (Supplementary Information pgs S15S16). J. LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-GOV - Nature Governance LIFE-2021-CET-LOCAL - Technical support to clean energy transition plans and strategies in municipalities and regions LIFE-2021-CET-PDA - Disruptive PDA - Technical Assistance to advance market boundaries for sustainable energy investments (Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, Weinheim, 2020). Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. Jul 13, 2021 Nature and Biodiversity ID:LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE Type of action: [object Object] Objective: To contribute to European Union objectives for the protection, maintenance and restoration of the Union's natural capital in its marine, freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Demography 43, 647657 (2006). Article Unfortunately, most used diapers sit in landfills without substantial biodegradation, or are incinerated. All the adhesives synthesized from PAAP&G fall within quadrant 3 and the central region (Fig. Nat. ADS J. Polym. Chem. (UHe&+IW6rQIG nD!? 109, 57555798 (2009). 276, 123350 (2020). CAS Expected Impact . endobj When intense shocks like a pandemic or war occur, life expectancy drops, but it often rebounds quickly. A much higher loss was estimated for e65: 29% for both sexes in Brazil (Supplementary Table 9). Quantifying impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic through life expectancy losses: a population-level study of 29 countries. & Garca, J. M. Chemical recycling of waste plastics for new materials production. We estimated reductions in e0 and e65 due to COVID-19, for each state and sex, from the difference between the 2020 period life table and the DT20 estimates (Supplementary Tables 3 and 4), between the 2019 period life table and the DT19 estimates for 2020 (Supplementary Tables 5 and 6) and between the 2019 period life table and the DT19 estimates for 2021 (Supplementary Table 11). The Kick-off meeting of the LIFE-2021-SAP-NAT-NATURE TURTLENEST project will be held on January 20 in Rome, at the Legambiente headquarters. To monitor this process, we measured changes in the complex viscosity over time. Carlyle, R. L. Process for the production of acrylic acid esters. Public Health Nutr. x\[s8~w! 100th Anniversary of macromolecular science viewpoint: redefining sustainable polymers. Assuming that death rates would have been equal to 2019 all-cause rates in the absence of COVID-19, COVID-19 deaths in 2021 have already reduced e0 in 2021 by 1.8 years, which is slightly larger than the reduction estimated for 2020 under similar assumptions. The crosslinks were first hydrolyzed using 0.3M aq. Presentation(edition Call 2021- content valid also for call 2022), European Climate Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, This site is managed by the European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, LIFE-2022-SAP-NAT Nature and Biodiversity - Standard Action Projects (SAP), Follow the European Commission on social media, Programme for the Environment and Climate Action (LIFE), European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency, LIFE - Support for applicants (europa.eu). J. Adhes. https://www.ipea.gov.br/portal/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=37022&Itemid=448 (2020).