rajatarangini was translated into persian by10 marca 2023
He assigned the work to a few officials to translate the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language, the literary language of the Mughal court. The minister was persecuted, and ultimately imprisoned because of rumors that he would succeed the king. . Son of Aksha. Who was the last king of Gonanda dynasty? A Shaivite during whose reigns Buddhists also flourished. Son of Durlabhavardhana and Anangalekha. section. Abstract. He called back the Hindus who had left Kashmir during his father reign and allowed building of temples. Request Permissions. Waged a war against the Tantrins with help of their rivals (known as Ekanga), but was defeated and killed. Wife of Damodara. These include: A television series based on Rajatarangini named Meeras was begun in 1986 in Doordarshan Srinagar. The status of Kalhana's poem Rajatarangini was mediated in colonial India in part through its English translations. And for another, Sarvagnana Peetha in Srinagar where Shankaracharya was enthroned is the one mystic chord of tradition that has endured in the Keralite imagination of Kashmir. It joins a long catalogue of such translations from Sanskrit beginning with that of Kautilyas Copyright 2023, THG PUBLISHING PVT LTD. or its affiliated companies. Son of Vijaya: his "long arms reached to his knees". Sultan Zain-Ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work, Rajatarangini, and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. [12] These kings ruled Kashmir for 192years. Zain ul Abidin, a 15th century ruler of Kashmir, appointed scribes to translate the Mahabharata and Kalhana's Rajatarangini into Persian with the aim that these translations would give an insight into Hindu philosophy and culture to the rest of the world. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. But even this account is not fully reliable from a historical point of view. Rajatarangini in Scholarship The most widely known Rajatarangini (River of Kings) - and the one on which the English translations discussed here are based - is a Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana Pandit dating to 1148-49 AD.1 It is written in verse in the Sanskrit kavya style and divided into eight cantos (or tarangas ), which number close to 8,000 . There are four English translations of Rjatarangi by: Ranjit Sitaram Pandit Complete Answer: In 1574 Akbar began a Maktab Khana or a place of interpretation works in Fatehpur Sikri. Sandhimati was selected by the citizens as the new ruler. He abdicated the throne, and a became a hermit to seek peace. He was said to belong to the family of an ancestor called Partha, who was described as a second Partha (an allusion to the Mahabharata hero Arjuna). He was known by his subjects as Bod Shah or Budshah (lit. How much stuff can you bring on deployment? [7] Romila Thapar equates Jalauka to Kunala, stating that "Jalauka" is an erroneous spelling caused by a typographical error in Brahmi script. Raman Menons translation attempts to preserve the essential characteristics of the original by adopting the Manipravalam diction. Because of the rising Buddhist influence, people stopped following the Shaivite, Gonanda III founded a new dynasty. Sanskrit is a Indo-Aryan part of the Indo-European dialects. Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? His queen eloped with a Buddhist monk, so he destroyed the Buddhist monasteries and gave their land to the Brahmins. Abu l-Fadl Allami, Nizam al-Din and Firishta also state involving the history, arts, social sciences, philosophy, and contemporary A virtuous king, he was seduced and killed by a woman named Vatta, along with several of his sons and grandsons. Made king by the minister Shura. Taking action accordingly, regardless of initiating Kalhana an extraordinary student of history, Ramesh Chandra Majumdar2 discussed his exceptionally faulty strategy comprising in consideration of legendary or amazing lords, an ignorant religiosity in the Epics and Puranas (antiquated Indian kinds portraying the previous), confidence in black magic and sorcery, clarification of occasions as because of the impact of destiny instead of to any normal reason, an overall instructional propensity roused by Hindu perspectives on karma, and simple showcase of poetical and logical expertise. Romila Thapar additionally excused Kalhanas moralism and teaching. orders. Its apt choice of kavya (poetry), as felicitously described by Shonaleeka Kaul, makes for a versatile and flexible mode that can entertain the mythic and the folk alongside classical and conventionalised registers of imagination and representation. What was the name of Persian translation of Rajatarangini? The Loharas ruled for many generations. Verse 14. epic poem Accordingly, translation was no longer confined solitary to an isolated linguistic context and the socio-cultural aspects of translation were emphasized. Kalhana was an educated and sophisticated Sanskrit scholar, well-connected in the highest political circles. (in a real sense, River of Kings) is an awe-inspiring sonnet (mahakavya/prabandha) created in the old style language, Sanskrit, in 114850 in Kashmir (part of the advanced territory of Jammu and Kashmir, India).Kalhana is said to have been the child of a previous clergyman by the name of Cempaka in the court of a Kashmiri ruler, Harsha. Son of Parvagupta and husband of Didda (a member of the. [28] He was defeated by Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin at Thanna with the help of Jasrath Khokhar, a chieftain from Pothohar Plateau. is a record of the illustrious administrations that administered the realm of Kashmir from its putative starting points to the writers own time. . Researchers who showed up at this portrayal of the Rajatarangini as the first work of history, the last referenced drawing out the basic release of the Rajatarangini and its full English interpretation, which is perused right up til the present time. Son of Lalitaditya and Kamaladevi. Writing of Rajatarangini in the introduction to his 1935 English translation of this twelfth-century Sanskrit narrative by Kalhana, R. S. Pandit described it as a "poem of great scope, a more or less complete picture of society, in which the bloody periods of the past are delightfully relieved by delicate tales of love, by episodes of marvel university presses. Has data issue: true Verse 15. According to D. C. Sircar, Kalhana has confused the legendary Vikramaditya of Ujjain with the Vardhana Emperor Harsha (c. 606-47 CE). 1 Who translated Rajatarangini in Kashmiri? [6], (Note the confusion of dates in this and the following sections. He allowed the Hindus to build their temples and follow the personal law according to the Dharmashastras. Owing to a certain want of care, there is not a single part in Ksemendra's "List of Kings" (Nrpavali) free from mistakes, though it is the work of a poet. [6], Son of Shreshtasena, assisted by his brother and co-regent Toramana. Rajatarangini (The River of Kings) is a metrical historical chronicle of north-western Indian subcontinent, particularly the kings of Kashmir, written in Sanskrit by Kashmiri Brahman Kalhana in 12th century CE. He showed shockingly progressed specialised mastery for the time in his anxiety for offbeat sources. [2] The dynasty is named after its founder, Shah Mir. Answer. His customary applied system, involving careless presumptions and faith in the artists job as a type of moral sayings, makes the glorifying content in his story, especially for the early period, rather predominant. The chronicles only start to align with other evidence by book IV. He was also called the Lalitaditya of Medieval Kashmir as he erected many mosques and monasteries. As the result of the decline in linguistic oriented approaches, Translation Studies witnessed a move towards a more descriptive and cultural direction in the 1990s. The courtyard of the Jama Masjid, Srinagar. We have migrated to a new commenting platform. It is by late Vidwan T.K. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. Deposed by the minister Shura. Madurai is one of the major cities in the Indian State of Tamil Nadu. He called back the Hindus who left Kashmir during his father's reign. [25][26], Sikandar died in April, 1413 upon which, the eldest son 'Mir' was anointed as the Sultan having adopted the title of Ali Shah. Learn more topics related to Ancient History of India, Download lessons and learn anytime, anywhere with the Unacademy app, Access free live classes and tests on the app. and is known in general as a publisher willing to take chances with nontraditional 'Great King')[29] and ruled from 1418 to 1470. It describes almost two centuries of the old and early middle age history of the Valley. Translations of " " into Persian in sentences, translation memory . After his death, the queen committed. and interdisciplinary publications, both books and journals. translator of the Rajataragini. [15], Sultan Alau'd-Din's two sons became kings in succession, Sultan Shihabu'd-Din and Sultan Qutbu'd-Din. rajatarangini of kalhana vol iv - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini of kalhana vol ii - dr. raghunath singh_part3, rajatarangini - shri ramtej shastri pandey_part3. [15], He was the only Shah Mir ruler to keep Hindu courtiers in his court. Made king by Sukhavarman, the son of Utpala. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. The Rajatarangini was written in Sanskrit by Kalhana, who was a Kashmiri Brahmin. for this article. Despite these stated principles, and despite the value that historians have placed on Kalhana's work, there is little evidence of authenticity and a few inconsistencies in the earlier chapters of his book, especially the first three books. Published online by Cambridge University Press: We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. Note: Muhammad Shah had five separate reigns from 1484 to 1537.[34]. His short reign was marked by a succession struggle with his half-brother Vajraditya II. Kalhana states that the valley of Kashmir was formerly a lake. Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. [5] Some of the kings and dynasties can be identified with inscriptions and the histories of the empires that periodically included the Kashmir valley, but for long periods the Rajatarangini is the only source. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Horace Hayman Wilson partially translated the work, and wrote an essay based on it, titled The Hindu History of Kashmir (published in Asiatic Researches Volume 15). Youngest son of Vajradjtya II. If you are already a registered user of The Hindu and logged in, you may continue to engage with our articles. He was a vyavahari (perhaps merchant) who along with others who owned villages like him had set up little kingdoms during the last days of Karkotas. Look through examples of translation in sentences, listen to pronunciation and learn grammar. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Daulat Khan Lodi, Rana Sangam Singh, Zahiruddin Mohammad, Turkish and more. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. The Rajataringini provides the earliest source on Kashmir that can be labeled as a "historical" text on this region. The result is an exposure to the ineffable delights of Sanskritised Malayalam, an edifying experience in itself. Verse 7. His son Jayendra was followed by Samdhimati-Aryaraja (34 BCE-17 CE) who had the soul of Jayendra's minister Sandhimati. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. His access to minute details of contemporary court intrigues was almost direct: his father and uncle were both in the Kashmir court. Son of Ajitapida. Verse 11. It covers the whole range of history in Kashmir from the earliest times to the date of its synthesis. This was drained by the great rishi or sage, Kashyapa, son of Marichi, son of Brahma, by cutting the gap in the hills at Baramulla, derived from Sanskrit (Boar's Molar), (Varaha) meaning Boar + (Mula) meaning deep or root. He was deposed by rebellious ministers, and granted asylum by a neighboring king. Kalhana himself, notwithstanding, doesnt appear to have worked for any ruler. Verse 11. In 1574, Akbar started an Maktab Khana or a house of translation works in his new capital of Fatehpur Sikri. Feature Flags: { After a young son of Yashaskara, Pravaragupta, a Divira (clerk), became king. Called "the blind" because of his small eyes. Critically Edited by Walter Slaje with an Annotated Translation, Indexes and Maps. The Karkota line came to a close with the usurpation of the throne by Avantivarman, who started the Utpala dynasty in 855. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rajatarangini are given below. [6] Although "Jina" is a term generally associated with Jainism, some ancient sources use it to refer to the Buddha. Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. The Rajatarangini is an epic poem (mahakavya) in Sanskrit running into nearly 8000 verses that are spread over eight books or sections. The book has a magisterial Foreword by Puthezhath Raman Menon, a considerable figure in Malayalam literature and a contemporary of the translator. This item is part of a JSTOR Collection. ). Brought up by, Within 6months of Bhikshachara's ascension, Sussala recovered his capital, leading to a civil war. Contextual translation of "poyu ta" from Persian into Tagalog. In the Karkota family, Lalitapida had a concubine, a daughter of a Kalyapala (IV.678). It is a Sanskrit file of the diverse look of Islam. Utkarsha was imprisoned and committed suicide. He erected a monument at. The translators of Rajatarangini framed the text as more than a solitary example of Indian historical writing; rather, they engaged with it on multiple levels, drawing out, debating, and rethinking the definitions of literature and history and the relative significance of and relationship between them in capturing the identity of the nation and its regions. recognized as the most authoritative and prestigious publication in the The only significance of his rule is that the Sufi saint Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani arrived at Kashmir in his reign. Who wrote Rajatarangini What does it tell us about? [20], Despite the value that historians have placed on Kalhana's work, there is little evidence of authenticity in the earlier books of Rajatarangini. Hiranya died childless. Kalhana was an educated and sophisticated Sanskrit scholar, well-connected in the highest political circles. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". He endorsed the work to a few officials to make translations of the Sanskrit books Rajatarangini, Ramayana and Mahabharata into the Persian language. Jonaraja in his Dvitiya Rajatara? Who translated Rajatarangini in Persian language? He is most remembered for his Advaita Vedantist text, the Dasbodh. Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. Here, the emperor's top scribes and secretaries were given the task of translating a range of Sanskrit texts, including the Rajatarangini (The History of the Kings of Kashmir) and the Ramayana, into Persian. The Journal of Asian Studies Gave lands to Brahmins. , , are the top translations of "puhdas" into Persian. elsewhere. Toramana is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. Deposed by his half-brother Sangramapida. 23 February 2011. Zain-ul-Abidin worked hard to establish a fair rule in Kashmir. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Sanskrit: This period produced greater works in Sanskrit rather than the previous periods. Toromanu is clearly the Huna king of that name, but his father Mihirakula is given a date 700 years earlier. The broad valley of Kashmir, also spelled Cashmere[2] is almost completely surrounded by the Great Himalayas and the Pir Panjal range. His book Tuti Namah (book of the parrot), written in the time of Muhammad Tughluq, was a Persian translation of Sanskrit stories. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. [19], Jonaraja and later Muslim chroniclers accuse Sikandar of terminating Kashmir's longstanding syncretic culture by persecuting Pandits and destroying numerous Hindu shrines; Suhabhat a Brahman neo-convert and Sikandar's Chief Counsel is particularly blamed for having instigated him. They accepted that this late work was a one-of-a-kind exemption in 3,000 years of Sanskrit abstract culture, which they blamed for totally inadequate regarding a feeling of history even as it had large amounts of sacred writing and folklore. [dubious discuss] In fact, his translator Aurel Stein expressed the view that his was the only true Sanskrit history. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. This king is identified by some with Huna ruler Toramana, although his successor Mihirakula is placed much earlier by Kalhana.[12]. After ruling indirectly and directly. The summary is from J.C. Dutt's translation. [4] It has also been suggested that he belonged to a family which accompanied the sage Mir Sayyid Ali Hamadani, and who were associated to either the Kubrawiya Sufi groups in Kashmir. Made his brother Sussala the ruler of Lohara. Verse 14. Kishan Joshi, the Ganga Dhar, the Mahesh, the Mahanand and others. This refers to the fact that the power had passed to the brothers of a queen, who was born in a family of spirit-distillers. Translation of "puhdas" into Persian . Kashmira Kerala paryanthaamganatantrenashasssitam, Rakshayantujanaasarve, ekachhatramimaammaheem (From Kashmir to Kerala extending and governed by democracy, may all the people protect this lands sovereign unity). Nevertheless, multiple scholars identify Kalhana's Ashoka with the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. His son Kshemagupta married Didda, daughter of Simharaja of Lohara. Deccan education society is an organization which runs 43 education establishments in Maharastra, Pune founded by Bal Gangadhar Tilak. He was a religious king, and followed a near-ascetic lifestyle. ), Translations of Sanskrit Works at Akbar's Court, Politics of Time: Primitives and History-Writing in a Colonial Society, Buddhist History in the Vernacular: The Power of the Past in Late Medieval Sri Lanka, Travels in the Mogul Empire, A.D. 16561668, Ideology and Status of Sanskrit: Contributions to the History of the Sanskrit Language, Detailed Report of a Tour in Search of Sanskrit MSS. Like the Shahnameh is to Persia, the Rajatarangini is to Kashmir. The Himalayan area of Kashmir is an intermontane valley shaped by the stream Jhelum (antiquated name Vitasta), a feeder of the waterway Indus. In 1546, after Humayun recovered Kabul, Haidar removed Nazuk Shah and struck coins in the name of the Mughal emperor. (With his account of the Karkota dynasty, relatively recent at the time he wrote his chronicles, Kalhana's information becomes more consistent with other sources.). The book closes with the establishment of the Karkota Naga dynasty by Durlabhaka Pratapaditya II, and it is from Book IV on that Rajatarangini takes on the character of a dependable historical narrative. (I.191) He belonged to. [citation needed], He was the next Sultan of Kashmir. Postmodernism is the literary period, the beat generation aligned with. He was the ruler of Kashmir and the founder of the Shah Mir dynasty. The long and arduous journey of the great saint across the country to Kashmir, punctuated by philosophical debates with peers and concurrent composition of immortal commentaries on the Hindu texts, is part of Indias sacred history. Sanskrit Defeated the Tantrins with help of Damara feudal lords. Thus (IV.678) is Book IV verse 678. Postmodernism refers to mid to late 20th century. [27], He was the seventh ruler of the Shah Mir Dynasty, and reigned between 1413 and 1420. Uchchala's step-brother; became the king after Radda's death. In principle, it is for three reasons, specifically, the texts regard to sequence, causation, and (affirmed) objectivity, that European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards, called the. It is a very good painting of the beyond with splendid recorded understanding. According to Kalhana, Ashoka reigned before 1182 BCE, and was a member of the dynasty founded by Godhara. From Stein's translation:[3]. What is the best compliment to give to a girl? Subscribe here. Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin of Kashmir had the famous historical work Rajatarangini and the Mahabharata translated into Persian. He was given the title of Raja by the Mughal emperor Akbar Shah II in the year 1830 as he had gone to England as an envoy of the emperor. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Ruled with his mother Didda as regent, aided by the minister Naravahana. Subsequent English translations of Kalhana's Rajatarangini include: Several books containing legendary stories from Rajatarangini have been compiled by various authors. In recent years, it has developed its strongest reputation for primarily professional audiences (e.g., in law or medicine). that the material was genuinely picky. Sample translated sentence: Heill on sen thden puhdas asema Jehovan edess. His family ruled for many generations. 0 0 Similar questions The first translation of a portion of the Rajatarangini was carried out in Persian, at the behest of Sultan Zain-ul-Abidin (1421-1472) A.D of Kashmir. The work generally records the heritage of Kashmir, but 120 verses of Rjatarangi describe the misrule prevailing in Kashmir during the reign of King Kalash, son of King Ananta Deva of Kashmir. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. Ramcharitmanas , accomplished it in 1969. For example, Kalhana has highly exaggerated the military conquests of Lalitaditya Muktapida.[18][19]. Sanskrit works on medicine and music were also translated into Persian at his instance. sfn error: no target: CITEREFBalochRafiq1998 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSchimmel1980 (, Last edited on 23 February 2023, at 23:00, Baharistan-i-Shahi Chapter 3 EARLY SHAHMIRS, "Buddhism and Islam in Kashmir as Represented by Rjataragi Authors", "This book claims to expose the myths behind Kashmir's history. Get answers to the most common queries related to the Railway Examination Preparation. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. In 1574, Akbar established a translation bureau (maktab khana) at his capital of Fatehpur Sikri. Like other translations of the work, it is in prose. The kings of Kashmir described in the Rjatarangi can be roughly grouped into dynasties as in the table below. He wrote the work in Sanskrit between 1148 and 1149. [18] Iinternal rebellions were ably suppressed. Fairness: That noble-minded author is alone worthy of praise whose word, like that of a judge, keeps free from love or hatred in relating the facts of the past. In 1380 C.E. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. The version was entitled Behr-ul-Asmar, (or the sea of tales). For terms and use, please refer to our Terms and Conditions European Orientalist researchers who concentrated on the text from the mid-nineteenth century onwards called the Rajatarangini the solo work of history legitimate to rise out of old India. does also publish two journals of advanced mathematics and a few publications This article examines two translations of the textone Orientalist and the other nationalistwith the purpose of interrogating these categories, by drawing out the complex engagement between European and indigenous ideas, and the dialogue between past and present that informed their production.
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