micrococcus luteus biochemical tests10 marca 2023
Micrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive to Gram-variable, nonmotile, tetrad-arranging, pigmented, saprotrophic coccus bacterium in the family Micrococcaceae. CATALASE TEST: Catalases are enzymes that convert hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) into water and oxygen gas. The oxygen class of the microbe, obligate aerobe, matches up with the predictions I had made about it because the bacteria was originally sourced in a nostril. all 3 tests done w/SIM deeps just add Kovac's reagent for Indole test Alcaligenes faecalis (left) - . Krona chart of microbe shows bacterial classes thought to be present in the sample. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. 2. The catalase test also indicated that the microbe does not have catalase, despite the metagenomic binning test suggesting it. A number of sophisticated tools are now available for clinical diagnosis. Micrococcus luteus biochemical test result. Washington, DC 20001 Several uncommon strains produce raised colonies with translucent, depressed centers. This is designated as beta ()-hemolysis. Isolates of the M. luteus have been found to overproduce the riboflavin virus when they are grown on toxic organic pollutants like pyridine. Luteus is an obligate aerobe (medical. The large polysaccharide molecule starch contains two parts, amylose and amylopectin, these are rapidly hydrolyzed using a hydrolase called alpha-amylase to produce smaller molecules: dextrins, maltose, and glucose. Klebsiella pneumoniae Micrococcus luteus Micrococcus roseus Proteus mirabilis Proteus vulgaris Pseudomonas aeruginosa Salmonella typhimurium Serratia marcescens Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus epidermidis Streptococcus . J Gen Microbiol 30(1963)409-427 . 1. . I kept the plate at room temperature for 7 days, and then selected a colony to purify using the pure culture streak plate method. This presentation will focus on the laboratory tests useful for the differentiation among the families as opposed to the more complicated differentiation and identification of the organisms within the different genera. Abstract Micrococcus luteus IFO 3333 cells, both treated with chemical reagents and non-treated, were observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). // Micrococcus luteus are Gram-positive, to Gram-variable, motile -non motile, that are 0.5 to 3.5 micrometers in diameter and usually arranged in tetrads or irregular clusters. Biochemical Test and Identification of Staphylococcus aureus. The skin infections or chronic cutaneous infections that are caused can result in pruritic eruptions of the skin in some of the areas as well as scattered papule lesions with or without central ulcerations. Micrococcus luteus is coagulase negative, bacitracin susceptible, and forms bright yellow colonies on nutrient agar. If an organism is capable of fermenting the sugar glucose, then acidic byproducts are formed and the pH indicator turns yellow. The taxonomic assignment of this microbe was micrococcus luteus because it was the only bin that PATRIC gave. It is a gram positive, coccus shaped microbe, and contains catalase. When performing tests for physiological traits, the results were limited. Micrococcus species by the Taxo A Bacitracin disk test can also be differentiated from staphylococcus species. Next, we see an image of a mixed bacterial culture which displays the white, creamy, non- hemolytic colonies of Staphylococcus epidermidis mixed with the golden, hemolytic colonies of Staphylococcus aureus. Micrococcus is a spherical bacterium found on dead or decaying organic matter while Staphylococcus is a gram-positive bacterial genus that produces a bunch of grape-like bacterial clusters. Micrococcus spp. The antibiotic resistance test showed only minor resistance to the antibiotic Oxacillin, which is likely due to a chance inheritance in the population or complete chance because of the weak strength. They are fairly ubiquitous in the environment, and are small (0.5 to 3.5 micrometers in diameter) and non-motile. M. luteus has one of the smallest genomes of all the bacteria. The M. luteus genome encodes about four sigma factors and fourteen response regulators, a finding indicative of the adaptation to a rather strict ecological niche. It is essential for differentiating catalase-positive Micrococcaceae from catalase-negative Streptococcaceae. All of these are described in the lab 6 handout and were kept in the incubator at 38 degrees Celsius. An interesting remaining family member, Microoccus antarcticus, was isolated from Antarctica, and is capable of growing at 4C. Microbiome 2(27). Intro: Microbes are everywhere, even in the most extreme environments and conditions. They occur in pairs, tetrads or clusters but not in chains. View Biochemical Tests Lab Report.docx from BIOL 240 at University of Alaska, Anchorage. They usually can occur in the irregular clusters, tetrads, and in pairs, where the individual cells are about one to 1.8 mm in diameter and these are usually non-motile and non-spore-forming in nature. While defining the characteristics of the Micrococcus are the ability to produce acid aerobically from the aesculin hydrolysis, glucose glycerol, arginine dihydrolase, motility, major pigment production, and conversion of nitrate to nitrite. Structure and PhysiologyThis bacteria is Gram-positive, spherical, and an obligate aerobe. Organisms commonly found on the body include Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, and Corynebacterium species (Dermnet New Zeland). Welcome to this Pearl of Laboratory Medicine on Basics of Differentiation of Gram-positive Cocci.. Micrococcus luteus was formerly known as Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Micrococcus was first isolated by Alexander Fleming in 1929, as Micrococcus lysodeikticus before it was known as micrococcus luetus (Ganz et al, 2002) Micrococcus is generally thought of as harmless bacterium, but there have been rare cases of Micrococcus infections in people with compromised immune systems, as occurs with HIV patients. The bubbling reaction is almost immediate and distinct in appearance. Other articles where Micrococcus luteus is discussed: Micrococcus: found in milk, such as M. luteus, M. varians, and M. freudenreichii, are sometimes referred to as milk micrococci and can result in spoilage of milk products. Micrococcus luteus is another gram-positive coccus that also is catalase positive. I am an associate professor in the Clinical Laboratory Science program at Wayne State University. They also produce yellow or pink colonies when they are grown on the mannitol salt agar, micrococcus flavus, M. terreus, and M. yunnanensis. The tetrads of the micrococci, the grape like clusters of the staphylococci, and the pairs and/or chains of the streptococci are shown. 2002). Catalase test was the first biochemical test to be done . Whereas the M. variant has a G-C content of about 66-72mol%. The agglutinability of the cells with antiserum containing anti-teichuronic acid antibody was examined. Because of their diversity, there are a variety of biochemical tests that are used by laboratories to identify the Gram-positive cocci. Micrococcus spp. Microbes are too small to be seen by the naked eye; they can survive in conditions that many would think are unlivable like the anaerobic environment in the rumen of cows, hot springs, and cold Antarctic waters (What are microbes, 2010). It did not reduce sulphur, digest gelatin, or reduce nitrate, among some of the more interesting tests, which all disagree with M. luteus. Many of the tests did line up with M. luteus though, such as the fluid thyoglycate test, which showed that it was an obligate aerobe. // It has been isolated from human skin. Micrococcus luteus is a coccus shaped gram-positive bacteria. It is essential for differentiating catalase-positive Micrococcaceae from catalase-negative Streptococcaceae. Micrococcus luteus Grown on BrainHeart Infusion Agar, Klebsiella characteristics on MacConkey Agar, Clinical Case Leukocyte Vacoulation Bacterial Infection, Segmented neutrophilic granulocyte during degradation, DIC (Disseminated intravascular coagulation), Creatinine Phosphate Kinase (CPK) and CK-MB Overview. Coagulase, which is an enzyme involved in the conversion of serum fibrinogen to fibrin, causes the clotting of plasma. These organisms range in virulence potential from commensal organisms found on the skin and mucous membranes to pathogens associated with serious infections. The catalase test tests to see if the microbe contains catalase. It shows that the sample contains bacteria from the Terrabacteria group. Mannitol salt agar (MSA) is a selective, differential, and indicator medium used to isolate and identify Staphylococcus aureus from the clinical specimen. Biochemical Tests in Microbiology Student Name Date 1 Lot Number(s) Record the lot numbers for each bacterial . Growth or weak growth is observed at 45C, at pH 10, and in the presence of 10% sodium chloride (NaCl). Some are based on monoclonal antibodies, and others on simple, rapid . AACC.org Kaiju webserver metagenome binning analysis chart. This is a test commonly used when trying to identify Gram-negative enteric bacteria, all of which are glucose fermenters but only some of which produce gas. Unlike other actinobacteria, M. luteus expresses only one resuscitation-promoting factor that is required for the emergence from dormancy and has few other dormancy-related proteins. Hybridization studies show that there is no close genetic relationship between the species of Micrococcus bacteria. Retrieved 22:17, April 16, 2019, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Staphylococcus_aureus&oldid=890960280, Your email address will not be published. The nasal cavity microbiome primarily consists of the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria (Bassis et al. The oxidase test results suggest that the microbe does not contain oxidase, despite what the metagenome binning test showed. When looking at the genetic tests, most of the identified strains in the Korona test are Micrococcus luteus. It is reported here that gliotoxin selectively spares a unique class of haemopoietic stem cell that forms large (HPP) colonies in the presence of mixtures of MCSF and IL3. I grew my isolated in Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB) for a week to prepare for DNA extraction. This lines up with M. luteus resistances from the tests. appear as agents of infection causing endocarditis. Micrococcus species, members of the family Micrococcaceae, are usually regarded as contaminants from skin and mucous membranes. In order to determine physiological characteristics of the culture such as cell shape, arrangement, and whether it was gram positive or negative, which helps determine the cell wall type of the microbe, I performed a gram stain. These families of bacteria produce colonies which are variable both in size, consistency, and the type of hemolysis produced on sBAP. It is an aerobic exopolysaccharide producing bacteria that may be found on the skin, mouth and sometimes in the throat of mammals 13,14. In future works with this microbe, I probably would want to purify the culture more and redo the tests. M. luteus can also cause septic shocks in immuno-compromised people. Care must be taken when using a sample of organism acquired from a sBAP since erythrocytes also produce catalase. They are generally strict aerobes and can generally reduce nitrate. 1995; Wieser et al. The microbiome of the nose. [8], Norwegian researchers in 2013 found a M. luteus strain that synthesizes a pigment that absorbs wavelengths of light from 350 to 475 nanometers. I hypothesized that it would be a bacteria commonly found in the nasal cavities and likely from the aforementioned phyla, so it would likely do best living in an aerobic, humid, and warm environment. They also produce yellow or pink colonies when they are grown on the mannitol salt agar, micrococcus flavus, M. terreus, and M. yunnanensis. The PYRA, PAL, LAP, RIB, ARA, MAN, and TRE tests came up as positive. A positive test leads to the development of blue or purple-blue on the disc within two minutes. They are catalase and oxidase positive whereas urease negative. [3] Its genome was sequenced in 2010 and is one of the smallest genomes of free-living Actinomycetota sequenced to date, comprising a single circular chromosome of 2,501,097 bp.[4]. They can even survive in conditions that have very little of even no oxygen, using glycolysis and alternative electron acceptors to create ATP. If I were to continue researching this isolate, I would redo the API 20 E test strip with a fresh, active culture to ensure that it can reduce nitrate, and also the oxidase test to ensure that it does have cytochrome c oxidase present, which it should according to Public Health England. They are fairly small as well, usually about a millimeter in diameter and of a normal height. [3] Though not a spore former, the Micrococcus cells can survive for an extended period of time, both at refrigeration temperatures and in nutrient-poor conditions such as sealed in amber. The micrococci produce tetrads consisting of 4 cocci clustered together. I extracted the DNA using the PowerSoil DNA kit (manufactured by Qiagen) following manufacturer instructions. Micrococcus species are oxidase-positive, which can be used to distinguish them from other bacteria like most Staphylococcus species, which are generally oxidase-negative. PUGVIEW FETCH ERROR: 403 Forbidden National Center for Biotechnology Information 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20894 USA Contact Policies FOIA HHS Vulnerability Disclosure National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health Catalase, if present, will break down the hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen. In a temporal study by Kloos and Musselwhite (1975), it was found that micrococci usually constituted from 1 to 20% of the total aerobic bacteria isolated from the skin of the head, legs, and arms, but less than 1% of those isolated from the high bacterial density areas of the nares and axillae. It grew in circular, entire, convex and creamy yellow pigmented colonies heaving 0.5-2.5 diameter. When a drop of peroxide is placed on catalase-producing bacteria, bubbles appear when the oxygen gas is formed. For the micrococci, susceptibility to the antimicrobial agents, bacitracin and furazolidone, as well as the modified oxidase test can be performed to distinguish this group from the staphylococci. This can occur due to the presence of a reduced number of, Most of the Micrococcus infections are discovered through the process of elimination along with the presence of the abundant Micrococcus tetrads in the lesions or cysts. Micrococcus Catalase Test: The catalase test facilitates the detection of the enzyme catalase in bacteria. Micrococcus luteus | Taxonomy - PubChem Apologies, we are having some trouble retrieving data from our servers. Perkins1, Sarah D., Jennie Mayfield2, and Victoria Fraser3 And. Shape (Cocci/Diplococci/Rods) Cocci. The Kocuria rhizophila strain ATCC 9341 has been used in quality control for sterility testing, as a test for the effectiveness of antibiotics and fungicides, and for doxycycline, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol susceptibility testing since 1966 under the designation Micrococcus luteus [4]. The third image represents the colony morphology of many of the streptococci and enterococci. The bacterium also colonizes the human mouth, mucosae, oropharynx and upper respiratory tract. Download Scientific Diagram from www.researchgate.net. The family, Micrococcaceae, has been shrinking. What are the Diseases that are Caused By Micrococcus? View Online Copy of Unknown ID Chart.xlsx from BIOL 250L at University of South Carolina. See answer (1) best answer. 2023 Universe84a.com | All Rights Reserved, Blog: Microbiology and infectious disease, Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) Test: Introduction, Result, Unit, Normal Range, Test Method, Clinical Significance, and Keynotes, Anti -TPO Antibody: Introduction, Test Result, Unit, Normal Range, Assaying Method, and Keynotes, HPV Genes detection using Real-Time PCR: Introduction, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result Interpretation and Keynotes, Microbiology Reporting Techniques: Introduction, List of Templates, and Keynotes, Acetamide Utilization Test: Introduction, Composition, Principle, Test Requirements, Procedure, Result-Interpretation, Limitations, and Keynotes, https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/887570/UK_SMI_ID_07i4.pdf, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrococcus_luteus, https://europepmc.org/article/med/14576986, https://www.ajicjournal.org/article/S0196-6553(13)01146-2/fulltext. To sample, I used sterile cotton swabs and streaked them on TSA plates. Micrococcus species occur in a wide range of environments, including dust, water, and soil. When looking back at all the data, it is fairly likely that the isolate is Micrococcus luteus, especially when looking at the fluid thyoglycate test, the colony morphology, and the antibiotic susceptibility. It has been associated with causing a variety of illnesses including septic arthritis, meningitis, endocarditis, chronic cutaneous infections in HIV-positive patients, and catheter infections. In the presence of atmospheric oxygen, the oxidase enzyme reacts with the oxidase reagent and cytochrome C to form the coloured compound, indophenol indicated as blue or purplish-blue colouration on the disc after the introduction of the bacterial colony on the disc. Most of the Micrococcus infections are discovered through the process of elimination along with the presence of the abundant Micrococcus tetrads in the lesions or cysts. The identified reads only made up a total of twenty seven percent of the total reads, but the majority of those reads were for M. luteus. The Micrococcus genus is known to be found on dust particles, in water, on skin and skin glands in vertebrates, and some species can be found in milk. The fluid thioglycallate test showed that the bacteria was an obligate aerobe because the growth was concentrated at the top of the tube in the pink region. Note the bright yellow, non-diffusable colony pigment which is a defining characteristic of M. luteus. From: Infectious Diseases (Third Edition), 2010 View all Topics About this page I used the Kirby-Bauer, or disk diffusion test to test for this, described in lab handout 9. Members of the Staphylcocci can be differentiated based on production of the enzyme coagulase. It has also been isolated from foods such as milk and goats cheese. "EPR and ENDOR detection of compound I from Micrococcus lysodeikticus catalase". Environmental Testing. In this presentation, we will discuss the fundamentals of the primary identification of those microorganisms that are members of four main families of Gram-positive cocci, the Micrococcaceae, the Staphylococcaceae, the Streptococcaceae, and the Enterococcaceae. I isolated the DNA by lysing the cell and using the Power Sol DNA Isolation Kit to isolate the DNA from the other parts of the cell. (2010) What are microbes? Book a free counselling session. Micrococcus luteus pigment (Yellow) GLUCOSE FERMENTATION TEST This test detects the ability of the bacterium to break down glucose to pyruvic acid. Staphylococci are either producers of the enzyme coagulase or non-producers. Whereas the M. variant has a G-C content of about 66-72mol%. They grow in circular, entire, convex, and creamy yellow-pigmented colonies with diameters of approximately 4 mm after 2-3 days at 37C. The partial decomposition of the hemoglobin of the erythrocytes by a weaker hemolysin. Micrococcus is the Gram-positive cocci that are about 0.5 to 3.5 micrometres in diameter and usually, these are arranged in tetrads or in irregular clusters. The MacConkey agar showed very little growth, and did not have a change in color, indicating that the microbe was gram positive and not a fermenter. The configurations are the result of the plane of cellular division exhibited by the organism. Isolates of the M. luteus have been found to overproduce the riboflavin, Micrococcus Luteus Gram Stain Characteristics, Micrococci have been isolated from the human skin, animal and dairy products, and in beer. Once a presumptive identification has been made based on colony and microscopic morphology and the catalase reaction, additional tests can be performed to establish the genus and species of the organism. Micrococcus luteus are Gram-positive cocci mostly arranged in tetrads and larger than Staphylococcus. This microbe forms large, round colonies. Although many of the members of these families have low pathogenicity and are classified as causes of opportunistic infections, those organisms most often cited as pathogens are listed on this slide. At U.S. Micro Solutions, our microbiology laboratory is a licensed, accredited source for thorough and accurate environmental testing . I used an API Strep test to determine more of the sugars the bacteria could ferment. It is difficult to differentiate Kocuria from Micrococcus with conventional biochemical methods; therefore, these organisms are often reported together as Micrococcus/Kocuria species. [7], In 2003, it was proposed that one strain of Micrococcus luteus, ATCC 9341, be reclassified as Kocuria rhizophila. Staphylococcus spp. The previous classification of these organisms was much simpler; however, with the use of more advanced genetic sequencing methods, these gram-positive cocci have expanded into 4 separate families and their associated genera. M. luteus has a G-C content of about 65-75 mol%. From four species that have been identify, only Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas diminuta that show ability to block pathogen bacteria Edwardsiella tarda. This suggests that some of the Micrococcus species on the basis of ribosomal RNA analysis eventually can be re-classified into other microbial genera. The Culture Collections represent deposits of cultures from world-wide sources. Micrococcus spp. The organism itself is susceptible to almost all drugs, with a few strains being resistant to nitrofurantoin, macrolides and lincomycin (Public Health Canada). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. They are positive for catalase and oxidase ( modified). M. luteus causes odours in humans when breaking down the components of sweat. Though today the immuno-compromised patients take the risk of the infection that has grown.
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