distributed lock redis10 marca 2023
When we actually start building the lock, we wont handle all of the failures right away. Distributed locks need to have features. This example will show the lock with both Redis and JDBC. Other clients will think that the resource has been locked and they will go in an infinite wait. The problem is before the replication occurs, the master may be failed, and failover happens; after that, if another client requests to get the lock, it will succeed! We already described how to acquire and release the lock safely in a single instance. Generally, the setnx (set if not exists) instruction can be used to simply implement locking. To handle this extreme case, you need an extreme tool: a distributed lock. Okay, locking looks cool and as redis is really fast, it is a very rare case when two clients set the same key and proceed to critical section, i.e sync is not guaranteed. correctness, most of the time is not enough you need it to always be correct. or enter your email address: I won't give your address to anyone else, won't send you any spam, and you can unsubscribe at any time. Basically the random value is used in order to release the lock in a safe way, with a script that tells Redis: remove the key only if it exists and the value stored at the key is exactly the one I expect to be. . During the time that the majority of keys are set, another client will not be able to acquire the lock, since N/2+1 SET NX operations cant succeed if N/2+1 keys already exist. efficiency optimization, and the crashes dont happen too often, thats no big deal. Many developers use a standard database locking, and so are we. The system liveness is based on three main features: However, we pay an availability penalty equal to TTL time on network partitions, so if there are continuous partitions, we can pay this penalty indefinitely. Following is a sample code. Unless otherwise specified, all content on this site is licensed under a Getting locks is not fair; for example, a client may wait a long time to get the lock, and at the same time, another client gets the lock immediately. book.) The lock is only considered aquired if it is successfully acquired on more than half of the databases. rejects the request with token 33. bug if two different nodes concurrently believe that they are holding the same lock. So in this case we will just change the command to SET key value EX 10 NX set key if not exist with EXpiry of 10seconds. A distributed lock service should satisfy the following properties: Mutual exclusion: Only one client can hold a lock at a given moment. We consider it in the next section. Refresh the page, check Medium 's site status, or find something. You can change your cookie settings at any time but parts of our site will not function correctly without them. Using redis to realize distributed lock. This commit does not belong to any branch on this repository, and may belong to a fork outside of the repository. However this does not technically change the algorithm, so the maximum number seconds[8]. But a lock in distributed environment is more than just a mutex in multi-threaded application. // LOCK MAY HAVE DIED BEFORE INFORM OTHERS. All the instances will contain a key with the same time to live. During step 2, when setting the lock in each instance, the client uses a timeout which is small compared to the total lock auto-release time in order to acquire it. different processes must operate with shared resources in a mutually At least if youre relying on a single Redis instance, it is occasionally fail. ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems, volume 13, number 1, pages 124149, January 1991. In todays world, it is rare to see applications operating on a single instance or a single machine or dont have any shared resources among different application environments. When used as a failure detector, We take for granted that the algorithm will use this method to acquire and release the lock in a single instance. The value value of the lock must be unique; 3. RedLock(Redis Distributed Lock) redis TTL timeout cd crash, it no longer participates to any currently active lock. For example, a good use case is maintaining However, Redis has been gradually making inroads into areas of data management where there are Okay, so maybe you think that a clock jump is unrealistic, because youre very confident in having several nodes would mean they would go out of sync. App1, use the Redis lock component to take a lock on a shared resource. It is both the auto release time, and the time the client has in order to perform the operation required before another client may be able to acquire the lock again, without technically violating the mutual exclusion guarantee, which is only limited to a given window of time from the moment the lock is acquired. this means that the algorithms make no assumptions about timing: processes may pause for arbitrary This means that the Redis distributed lock Redis is a single process and single thread mode. For this reason, the Redlock documentation recommends delaying restarts of acquired the lock (they were held in client 1s kernel network buffers while the process was . safe by preventing client 1 from performing any operations under the lock after client 2 has This can be handled by specifying a ttl for a key. The following This bug is not theoretical: HBase used to have this problem[3,4]. For learning how to use ZooKeeper, I recommend Junqueira and Reeds book[3]. guarantees.) set sku:1:info "OK" NX PX 10000. tokens. Using the IAbpDistributedLock Service. Client B acquires the lock to the same resource A already holds a lock for. Most of us developers are pragmatists (or at least we try to be), so we tend to solve complex distributed locking problems pragmatically. [5] Todd Lipcon: In theory, if we want to guarantee the lock safety in the face of any kind of instance restart, we need to enable fsync=always in the persistence settings. diminishes the usefulness of Redis for its intended purposes. Because of how Redis locks work, the acquire operation cannot truly block. As you know, Redis persist in-memory data on disk in two ways: Redis Database (RDB): performs point-in-time snapshots of your dataset at specified intervals and store on the disk. Even in well-managed networks, this kind of thing can happen. mechanical-sympathy.blogspot.co.uk, 16 July 2013. a synchronous network request over Amazons congested network. The fact that when a client needs to retry a lock, it waits a time which is comparably greater than the time needed to acquire the majority of locks, in order to probabilistically make split brain conditions during resource contention unlikely. Note that enabling this option has some performance impact on Redis, but we need this option for strong consistency. out, that doesnt mean that the other node is definitely down it could just as well be that there In redis, SETNX command can be used to realize distributed locking. // ALSO THERE MAY BE RACE CONDITIONS THAT CLIENTS MISS SUBSCRIPTION SIGNAL, // AT THIS POINT WE GET LOCK SUCCESSFULLY, // IN THIS CASE THE SAME THREAD IS REQUESTING TO GET THE LOCK, https://download.redis.io/redis-stable/redis.conf, Source Code Management for GitOps and CI/CD, Spring Cloud: How To Deal With Microservice Configuration (Part 2), How To Run a Docker Container on the Cloud: Top 5 CaaS Solutions, Distributed Lock Implementation With Redis. We will define client for Redis. Client 1 requests lock on nodes A, B, C, D, E. While the responses to client 1 are in flight, client 1 goes into stop-the-world GC. Because of a combination of the first and third scenarios, many processes now hold the lock and all believe that they are the only holders. Lets leave the particulars of Redlock aside for a moment, and discuss how a distributed lock is This happens every time a client acquires a lock and gets partitioned away before being able to remove the lock. If Redisson instance which acquired MultiLock crashes then such MultiLock could hang forever in acquired state. The Chubby lock service for loosely-coupled distributed systems, The algorithm claims to implement fault-tolerant distributed locks (or rather, We already described how to acquire and release the lock safely in a single instance. Many distributed lock implementations are based on the distributed consensus algorithms (Paxos, Raft, ZAB, Pacifica) like Chubby based on Paxos, Zookeeper based on ZAB, etc., based on Raft, and Consul based on Raft. Are you sure you want to create this branch? This sequence of acquire, operate, release is pretty well known in the context of shared-memory data structures being accessed by threads. dedicated to the project for years, and its success is well deserved. What happens if the Redis master goes down? Only one thread at a time can acquire a lock on shared resource which otherwise is not accessible. The fact that clients, usually, will cooperate removing the locks when the lock was not acquired, or when the lock was acquired and the work terminated, making it likely that we dont have to wait for keys to expire to re-acquire the lock. Given what we discussed Its a more Twitter, or subscribe to the is a large delay in the network, or that your local clock is wrong. 90-second packet delay. But is that good After synching with the new master, all replicas and the new master do not have the key that was in the old master! Basically the client, if in the middle of the write request to the storage service. . For example, perhaps you have a database that serves as the central source of truth for your application. The Maven Artifact Resolver is the piece of code used by Maven to resolve your dependencies and work with repositories. However things are better than they look like at a first glance. When different processes need mutually exclusive access to shared resourcesDistributed locks are a very useful technical tool There are many three-way libraries and articles describing how to useRedisimplements a distributed lock managerBut the way these libraries are implemented varies greatlyAnd many simple implementations can be made more reliable with a slightly more complex . Note this requires the storage server to take an active role in checking tokens, and rejecting any Distributed locks are a means to ensure that multiple processes can utilize a shared resource in a mutually exclusive way, meaning that only one can make use of the resource at a time. like a compare-and-set operation, which requires consensus[11].). Redlock . This is because, after every 2 seconds of work that we do (simulated with a sleep() command), we then extend the TTL of the distributed lock key by another 2-seconds. There is plenty of evidence that it is not safe to assume a synchronous system model for most the storage server a minute later when the lease has already expired. The following diagram illustrates this situation: To solve this problem, we can set a timeout for Redis clients, and it should be less than the lease time. Unreliable Failure Detectors for Reliable Distributed Systems, It is efficient for both coarse-grained and fine-grained locking. Many libraries use Redis for distributed locking, but some of these good libraries haven't considered all of the pitfalls that may arise in a distributed environment. that no resource at all will be lockable during this time). It is unlikely that Redlock would survive a Jepsen test. incident at GitHub, packets were delayed in the network for approximately 90 I spent a bit of time thinking about it and writing up these notes. Since there are already over 10 independent implementations of Redlock and we dont know We are going to model our design with just three properties that, from our point of view, are the minimum guarantees needed to use distributed locks in an effective way. If the key does not exist, the setting is successful and 1 is returned. But timeouts do not have to be accurate: just because a request times ensure that their safety properties always hold, without making any timing In the distributed version of the algorithm we assume we have N Redis masters. Maybe someone Redis is not using monotonic clock for TTL expiration mechanism. Published by Martin Kleppmann on 08 Feb 2016. The general meaning is as follows This means that an application process may send a write request, and it may reach SETNX key val SETNX is the abbreviation of SET if Not eXists. HDFS or S3). Before trying to overcome the limitation of the single instance setup described above, lets check how to do it correctly in this simple case, since this is actually a viable solution in applications where a race condition from time to time is acceptable, and because locking into a single instance is the foundation well use for the distributed algorithm described here. One of the instances where the client was able to acquire the lock is restarted, at this point there are again 3 instances that we can lock for the same resource, and another client can lock it again, violating the safety property of exclusivity of lock. What should this random string be? By doing so we cant implement our safety property of mutual exclusion, because Redis replication is asynchronous. Refresh the page, check Medium 's site status, or find something interesting to read. The idea of distributed lock is to provide a global and unique "thing" to obtain the lock in the whole system, and then each system asks this "thing" to get a lock when it needs to be locked, so that different systems can be regarded as the same lock. properties is violated. Also reference implementations in other languages could be great. Most of us know Redis as an in-memory database, a key-value store in simple terms, along with functionality of ttl time to live for each key. Now once our operation is performed we need to release the key if not expired. [9] Tushar Deepak Chandra and Sam Toueg: crash, the system will become globally unavailable for TTL (here globally means // Check if key 'lockName' is set before. Achieving High Performance, Distributed Locking with Redis timing issues become as large as the time-to-live, the algorithm fails. But in the messy reality of distributed systems, you have to be very For example: var connection = await ConnectionMultiplexer. for at least a bit more than the max TTL we use. the cost and complexity of Redlock, running 5 Redis servers and checking for a majority to acquire That means that a wall-clock shift may result in a lock being acquired by more than one process.
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